李群与超导体系、石墨烯和2D材料、广义相对论、暗物质 | 本周物理讲座

connection of the SYK model with complex fermions to the Warped Conformal field theories (WCFTs) and also proposed a possible IR gravity dual for such models.

调查结果人简述：

Pankaj Chaturvedi has a PhD in theoretical physics, with a specialization in High energy physics-theory from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. He held a postdoc position at Yau Mathematical Sciences Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China for 3 years. Recently he has been offered a postdoc position at Ariel University, Israel. His principal research interests deal with the various modern aspects of Quantum Field Theories, specifically String Theories and their application to Quantum Gravity. String Theory is a rapidly evolving theoretical framework which is finding extensive applications in diverse fields of theoretical physics apart from its original objective of unifying all fundamental interactions and providing a quantum theory of gravity. The discipline has led to fundamentally significant insights into the possible structure of a quantum theory of gravity involving important contributions in the understanding of the microscopic structure of black holes. The gauge gravity correspondence or the AdS/CFT holography arising from string theory has extended the application of String Theory to diverse areas of Quark Gluon Plasma, AdS/QCD, Superconductivity, Quantum Critical Phenomena, Quantum Entanglement and Condensed Matter Physics which are some of the front edge research areas that he is interested in.

4Searching for Dark Particles with Light (and Quantum Technologies

调查结果人：Christina Gao，Fermilab Bell UIUC

星期：4同月27日(莱斯特城) 10:00

的单位：当中科院理论物理学化学所

Zoom Meeting：

开不会号：826 4103 9124

加密：551991

概要：

Many puzzles of fundamental physics indicate the existence of new particles that interact feebly with ordinary matter, which makes them appear “dark” to us. Quantum sensors, given their low noise level, are promising devices to look for such new particles that feebly interact with photons. A well-known example is the axion (or axion-like-particle), which arises generically in the extensions of the Standard Model that involve the breaking of new global symmetries. We propose to use two superconducting radio-frequency cavities with resonant frequencies in the GHz range to look for axions. The search strategy is a broadband search using a light-shining-through-wall setup. Superconducting radio-frequency cavities have an exceptionally high quality factor, which both boost the number of photons stored in the emitter cavity, and enhance the signal power in the receiver cavity, and hence are ideal to search for light axion with mass below 10 micro eV. In the future, other quantum devices, such as thin-film lithium niobate optical cavities can search for heavier axions that may cover the QCD axion of an eV mass.

5Materials for the future

调查结果人：Kostya Novoselov | 诺贝尔天体物理化学学奖获得者

星期：4同月27日(莱斯特城) 14:00

的单位：东南大学

列席方式将：薇薇安天和播送

开不会链接：

概要：

Graphene and 2D materials, despite being relatively fresh materials, have already taken a firm place in research, development and applications. A number of exciting phenomena have been discovered in these crystals and they continue bringing exciting results on a regular basis. However, probably the most important characteristic about 2D materials is that they offer a possibility to form on-demand van der Waals heterostructures, where individual 2D crystals are stacked together, forming a novel, 3D structure, which composition (and thus, their properties) can be controlled with atomic precision. This have opened a new directions of research of materials on demand. Furthermore, since individual components in such heterostructures interact through a number of channels (elastic, van der Waals, electronic, etc.) – a degenerate energy landscape is formed, leading to a number of competing phases, which opens a way to engineer particular phase transitions between different states and, thus, study also the out-of-equilibrium phenomena in such structures.

调查结果人简述：

Kostya Novoselov教授是朗道天体物理化学学家，侧重于介观物理化学和半导体器件，分析领域有数铁磁体和锗当中的介观现象、GaAs/AlGaAs异质结构和绝缘体当中二维静电气的静电性质等，在纳米制造和半导体器件方面兼具丰富的分析经历。其因关于二维胶合板绝缘体的关键性实验，于2010年获得诺贝尔天体物理化学学奖。

6Generalized second law of thermodynamics for driven quantum systems

调查结果人：汤迎，中山大学珠海校本部适合于控制系统国际性科学当中心

星期：4同月28日(周日) 10:30

的单位：当西方科学院理论物理学化学所

开不会链接：

开不会ID：887-675-734

开不会加密：53131

概要：

During the last 20 years, the celebrated Jarzynski equality was established for various nonequilibrium systems, connecting the nonequilibrium work and free energy change between equilibriums. In the classical regime, we find that the nonequilibrium free energy change is independent of magnetism, as the Lorentz force does not conduct work. In contrast, the free energy change can be amplified by adding a magnetic field to driven quantum systems. Taking a recent experimental system as an example, the predicted amplification becomes 3-fold when adding a 10-tesla magnetic field under temperature 316 nanoKelvin. We further uncover the mechanism by examining the driving process. Through extending the path integral approach for quantum thermodynamics, we obtain a generalized free energy equality for both closed and open quantum systems. The equality reveals a decomposition on the source of the free energy change: one is the quantum work functional, and the other emerges from the magnetic flux passing through a closed loop of propagators. The result suggests a distinct quantum effect of magnetic flux and supports to extract additional free energy from the magnetic field.

调查结果人简述：

汤迎，中山大学珠海校本部适合于控制系统国际性科学当中心的副分析员。上海交通大学物理化学系博士，加州大学洛杉矶分校定量和计算生物科学分析所哈佛大学。分析领域为非平衡态控制系统的随机物理化学、统计物理化学、生物物理化学、人工智能。近期主要科研成果有：利用人工智能发展了星期基因序列物理化学互信息的计算框架；发掘出非平衡控制系统当中一个最初广义相对论效应：磁场不导，却仍能加大自由能；建立了理解细胞内坏死功能、细胞内状态转换的数学模型和定量分析步骤。分析发表在Nat.Commun.，Commun.Phys.，Phys.Rev.E，Nature，Nat.Methods，Mol.Sys.Biol.等，总提及1700余次，曾获加州大学洛杉矶分校Collaboratory Fellowship Award。

7Understanding general relativity after 100 years: a matter of perspective

调查结果人：Naresh Dadhich，IUCAA, Pune

星期：4同月28日(周日) 11:00

的单位：当西方科学院理论物理学化学所

开不会链接：

开不会ID：894 5446 1478

开不会加密：978143

概要：

This is the centenary year of general relativity, it is therefore natural to reflect on what perspective we have evolved in 100 years. I wish to share here a novel perspective, and the insights and directions that ensue from it.

8Dark Matter Meets Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

星期：4同月28日（周日）10:30

的单位：APS（美国天体物理化学学不会）

列席方式将：薇薇安天和播送

开不会链接：

概要：

Dark matter accounts for roughly 85% of the matter in the Universe, yet its constituents remain unknown. Solving this mystery calls for a wide range of experiments that can detect dark matter constituents with different masses and interactions. Now, Gadi Afek at Yale University and colleagues have proposed a laboratory-based detector that is drastically different from existing experiments. The detector works by measuring the momentum imparted when dark matter particles scatter off optically trapped nanometer-scale spheres. This approach provides an entirely new way to search for light dark matter particles with masses down to fractions of the mass of an electron.

Afek joins co-authors Daniel Carney, University of California Berkeley, and David C. Moore, Yale University for an exclusive discussion with the Physical Review Journal Club of their results, which were recently published in Physical Review Letters, and summarized in Physics Magazine.

Afek and colleagues will provide a short presentation of their results followed by a live question-and-answer session where all attendees will have the opportunity to discuss the research live with the authors.

越来越多调查结果信息：当西方天体物理化学学不会期刊网学术研讨列表

▼往期精彩概述▼

1.庞加莱的狭义相对论之一：洛伦兹；也的发掘出

2.物理化学成人教育观念之转变——从“天体物理化学学科”到“物理化学科学”

3.电磁场、动能与牛顿的压——物理化学的基础术语与图像

4.百年磁光效应的新相识

5.黑体微波公式的多种推导及其在文化史物理化学紧密结合当中的含意(Ⅴ)

6.热电胶合板与发电元器件的进展和挑战

7.妥善解决正静电核子耦合失落

8.莫里斯·李：飞龙是多么寂寞

9.经典压学当中没用的关键问题，至今从未答案

10.导师访谈：曹原是如何扭成的

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